As you know ,program codes are created with programming languages.In computer science there are lots of languages (over 150).Below the popularity of programming languages in 2016 are shown.
1-Java is regardless of the platform .It means you can run a Java program on Windows or Linux,Mac...By the rise of Android OS ,Java has an increasing value.Desktop ,network,web ,game programming etc. you can do with java.
2-C is not an object-oriented language,so it will be hard for improving web form applications.And it is directly connected to the hardware.While coding with C,you may not realise the decrease in efficiency.However you can do lots of things include desktop programming on Windows Platform.For starting to learn programming C is usually prefered.
3-C++ works on Microsoft Windows Platform as the other C versions.C++ is faster than C and has more efficiency.It has also object-oriented feature.You can get good performance from C++.
4-C# is element of C programming languages.It is created to be better than C++.And it is prepared for .NET Framework by Microsoft.
5-Phyton is a high level programming language and easy to learn .This language is used by Youtube,
Google,Nasa,Cern etc...Also hackers like Phyton :)It can be used both on windows and linux platforms.
6-PHP is a script based programming language used for interactive web applications.You can program your web site ,write powerful codes ,access to a database.PHP is fast and funny for learning.There are lots of Companies that use PHP;Facebook ,twitter are the most popular of them.
7-JavaScript is used for giving attraction to web pages.A message box,a game, a calculator ,colorful dynamic texts etc. can be created by JavaScript.It has no relationship with Java.
8-Visual Basic.NET works on Windows Platroms.It is useful for internet applications and developed from Visual Basic 6.0.As it is seen from the word "Visual" ,it is a visual programming language.
9-Perl which is the abbreviation of Practical Extraction and Report Language is used for developing web applications.Perl has a big quantity of modules for programmers.So ,you can get the module and create your program easily.